CORRELATION OF GLUCOSE AND LIPID STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55302/MJA259242tKeywords:
gestational diabetes, glycemia, dyslipidemia, triglyceridesAbstract
Introduction:
Gestational diabetes mellitus, characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy, poses heightened risks to both the mother and fetus. It emerges due to increased insulin resistance during pregnancy. Adipose tissue plays a vital role in regulating various biological processes through the secretion of adipokines, which influence both pregnancy and the development of gestational diabetes. Hyperlipidemia, a well-known contributor to atherosclerosis, directly impacts the onset of cardiovascular diseases. Pregnancy leads to an increase in serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, driven by increased levels of hormones such as estrogens, progesterone and lactogen.
Material and Methods:
This study presents prospective clinical research involving 65 individuals, excluding 6 patients with spontaneous abortion. A total of 59 patients were incorporated into the statistical analysis. The patients underwent three follow-up visits. During the initial visit, the participants were enrolled in the study; all of them were healthy individuals in the first trimester of pregnancy. In the second visit, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with 75 grams of glucose was conducted between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, and the patients were categorized. Patients exhibiting a positive OGTT were diagnosed with gestational diabetes. The third visit occurred in the third trimester of gestation.
Results:
Gestational diabetes mellitus was registered in 14 (23.73%) patients. Body mass index had significantly higher values in the group with gestational diabetes (34.59 ± 3.9 vs 29.95 ± 5.4 kg/m2, p=0.0044). The comparison of the two groups regarding the lipid status presented significantly higher triglycerides in the group with gestational diabetes (4.01 ± 2.3 vs 2.62 ± 0.9, (p=0.0017). The other parameters of lipid status were similar between the two groups. In both groups, the changes in glucose parameters were statistically insignificant in the third, compared to the first trimester of pregnancy.
Conclusion: Dyslipidemia during pregnancy is a common but complex condition with consequences for both the mother and the fetus.
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